University of Pittsburgh researchers have developed a novel high-density, micro-invasive electrode that can readily be applied to the brain to study the role of neurotransmitters on neuronal behavior. As a linear array, electrodes could contain multiple recording channels (>32) capable of measuring both neurochemical and electrophysiological signals in various parts of the brain, including deep regions. In addition to providing electrical stimulation to the brain, this novel invention could also be used in humans to monitor and deter neurological disease progression, potentially restoring neuron functionality.
Novel electrodes capable of monitoring molecular and electrophysiological signals have been developed. Inserted into the brain with a dissolvable coating, removing the need for a supportive device. This array can not only record information from the brain but could also be used for deep brain stimulation.
Description
Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter and has a crucial role in learning and other adaptive behavior. Additionally, dopamine directly controls synaptic plasticity and a neuron’s probability of firing an action potential (i.e., spike). However, directly monitoring the interactions between molecular and electrical neuronal signals and behavior is not currently possible. The development of tools to study these interactions are desperately needed to better understand neurological conditions and optimize treatment strategies. The function of dopamine can vary across the brain and is not always linked to reward. To better understand this heterogeneity, this novel high-density array will resolve signals on the micrometer-scale. The array will allow for in-depth study of how dopamine contributes to the development and shaping of neural circuits, closing the existing knowledge gap. Harnessing this knowledge could lead to treatments for many neurological conditions.
Applications
• Animal research tool for models of Parkinson’s disease, neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric conditions
• Brain stimulation as a research tool or clinical therapy
Advantages
The role of dopamine in learning and plasticity is studied separately, resulting in a major knowledge gap around how they are interconnected. While some attempts have previously been made to study these interactions, these have involved recording in randomly distributed sites across the brain cortex, with locations only determined postmortem.
This novel multimodal array is designed to record direct interactions between dopamine and neuronal spike signals during behavior. The electrodes used in this array can be placed with a high density at a predetermined geometry in the brain (up to 960 electrode sites/cm3, 10¬–1000 μm apart). They are robust enough to use deep in primate brains (up to 50 mm), and stable over long periods (>1 yr) allowing for detailed spatial resolution of molecular and electrophysiological interactions, and neuronal activity in primates. The technology could also be used for deep brain stimulation.
Invention Readiness
Novel sensors, silica-shaft carbon fiber electrode threads have been developed. Initial primate studies have demonstrated that a single channel can monitor neurochemical and electrical activity concurrently. Work is now required to develop a high-density multichannel array, validate in vitro functionality, assess long term use, biocompatibility, and tissue response to the insertion of these electrodes, and potentially develop electrodes to detect other neurotransmitters.
IP Status
Patent Pending
