Rapid Detection of Recent Flavivirus Infections Using IgG3 Anti-NS1

University of Pittsburgh researchers have developed a highly specific immunoassay to detect IgG3 antibodies against the non-structural (NS) 1 protein of flaviviruses. This diagnostic tool can determine recent virus exposure within two weeks post-onset of symptoms, providing a crucial advantage in areas with multiple circulating flaviviruses.

Description

The technology focuses on detecting IgG3 antibodies against the NS1 protein of flaviviruses. IgG3 has a limited half-life, making it an excellent biomarker for recent virus exposure. The immunoassay developed by the researchers can specifically diagnose flavivirus infections within two weeks after symptom onset. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional serology, which often shows cross-reactivity among flaviviruses and cannot determine the recency of infection. The assay can be implemented using ELISA, Luminex, lateral flow, or similar platforms, making it versatile for various diagnostic settings.

Applications

• Differential diagnosis of recent flavivirus infections
• Prenatal care triage, particularly for Zika virus infection
• Public health surveillance in areas with multiple circulating flaviviruses

Advantages

Unlike traditional serology tests that detect virus-specific IgM and total IgG, which are highly cross-reactive and persist in the blood for extended periods, the IgG3 anti-NS1 assays provide a specific marker for recent virus exposure. This specificity is due to the short half-life of IgG3, which degrades quickly after production, making it an ideal biomarker for recent infections. Additionally, the developed immunoassays can be used on various platforms, including ELISA, Luminex, and lateral flow, providing flexibility in diagnostic applications.

Invention Readiness

The current state of the technology is at the prototype stage, with preliminary results demonstrating high specificity and effectiveness of the IgG3 anti-NS1 immunoassays. The assays have been tested on a panel of serum samples collected from a longitudinal cohort of people with confirmed flavivirus infections, showing excellent results in terms of specificity and cross-reactivity reduction.

IP Status

https://patents.google.com/patent/US11531029B2