University of Pittsburgh researchers have developed a novel single-unit electroencephalographic (EEG) sensor, similar in size to a US penny (19 mm diameter) and 10 mm in height. Designed to be easily attached to the scalp without the need for skin preparation or electrolyte gel, this novel sensor can wirelessly transmit EEG signals to a smartphone or remote server. The use of an easy-to-use single-unit electrode could allow for EEG collection in out-of-hospital settings, including at home and during patient transfer, in a timely manner to improve diagnosis and outcomes in patients.
Description
EEG is a non-invasive diagnostic tool with applications in the fields of neurology, sleep medicine, and non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Current EEG methods require multiple wired electrodes on the scalp, which needs expertise and time. This novel sensor is designed to require only a single placement on the scalp and is secured with micro teeth, removing the need for additional preparation or any electrolyte gel. Data will be collected and analyzed wirelessly on a portable device (e.g., smartphone) dramatically improving accessibility of EEG in emergency and out-of-hospital settings.
Applications
• EEG diagnosis and monitoring (e.g., epilepsy and sleep medicine
• Home-based human-computer interface
Advantages
Currently, EEG observations require multiple wired electrodes to be attached to the scalp. These approaches can require expertise, gels, or glues to improve the signal and scalp preparation, all requiring time and specialist skills. Additionally, electrode application can be painful to patients with removal of the stratum corneum or hair. Wires can become tangled causing signal interference which impacts on the time to signal acquisition, ultimately delaying diagnosis and patient care.
This novel single-unit electrode overcomes these challenges. Firstly, a single unit, containing four electrodes for EEG acquisition means that only a single application is required, allowing for EEG acquisition to occur almost instantaneously. Secondly, sensors are held in place with a fine teeth hook covered in nanowires coated in gold, removing the need for electrolyte gel and skin preparation. Thirdly, without leads, the risk of tangling or interference is removed. Finally, it allows wireless communication of EEG signals to a remote device where the data can be analyzed and clearly displayed. This sensor allows for a truly easy-to-use, low-cost, portable EEG system for diagnosis or remote monitoring of patients by clinicians.
Invention Readiness
A prototype sensor has been developed containing four electrodes that can be attached to the scalp without the need for gel or scalp preparation. Feasibility testing in humans has found this sensor can acquire EEG signals and transfer data to a smartphone for processing and display. The signal acquired is comparable to the signal from the standard 10–20 system.
IP Status
https://patents.google.com/patent/US10674930B2
