University of Pittsburgh researchers have identified genetic variants that indicate sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy and a novel testing panel to reveal variants present in patients.
Description
PARP1 genes play a role in DNA repair mechanisms and have been linked to chemotherapy resistance. Genomic analysis has identified variants on PARP1 genes playing a vital role in determining patients’ responses to chemotherapy. By testing cancer patients for variants on PARP1 genes, clinicians may personalize treatment by use (or not) of PARP inhibitors combined with chemotherapy to improve patient outcomes. Identifying treatments not resistant to PARP1 variants could be a new therapeutic approach.
Applications
1. Breast Cancer 2. Lung Cancer 3. A wide array of cancers
Advantages
Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains challenging in oncology and is linked to cells repairing DNA damaged by chemotherapy. Outcomes of patients resistant to treatment are therefore impacted. Previous efforts to overcome resistance have included combination therapy with chemotherapy and inhibitors of DNA repair mechanisms, including PARP inhibitors.
Through novel analysis of PARP1 mutations, the genetic cause of resistance and sensitivity to chemotherapy has been identified. Patients who may benefit from PARP inhibitors allow for tailored, personalized treatment, reducing the risk of treatment resistance or worsening patient outcomes.
Invention Readiness
In vivo data have identified variants of PARP1 genes that can impact the response to chemotherapy.
Panels for identifying variants of PARP1 genes have been developed.
