Because abnormal protein expression is associated with many human diseases, biomarker discovery is fundamental to diagnostic innovation. Clinical and research labs need a new state-of-the-art analytical technology for protein detection and quantitation at the whole proteome level. Current biochemical and immuno-assays have many limitations and are expensive to perform in high volumes. Moreover, the high volume of biomarkers identified in the discovery phase means that only a small fraction are able to be validated and subsequently translated into clinical tests.