University of Pittsburgh researchers have designed a closed-loop multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) assisted neuromodulation device to treat heart failure (HF). Assisted by artificial intelligence, this device aims to restore healthy autonomic balance in patients with HF with a view to halting progression of HF and improving the outcomes and quality of life for patients within this currently unmet clinical need. AI based on feedback from biomarkers, including ECG and blood pressure will be acquired and analyzed in real time, and will personalize the SCS and VNS parameters to provide autonomic balance, thereby reducing the risk of worsening HF or fatal ventricular arrhythmias.