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A prominent research team from the University of Pittsburgh Center for Antibody Therapeutics have identified a wide range of fully human antibodies and antigen binding fragments (Fabs) with the potential to treat a vast array of human cancers and other diseases. Another mechanism uses antibodies to target surface proteins on cells as a carrier for drug compounds specific to cancer or virus cells – antibody drug conjugates. The use of antibodies, including Fabs, as a therapeutic approach for cancers and viruses is a growing area of interest. The small size of these engineered antibody domains (eAds) could contribute to better penetration efficiency and broader applicability than previous antibody therapies, with the additional ability to target cryptic epitopes that are otherwise occluded by full-length antibodies and with enhanced access to some epitopes and expression. While these factors indicate that mesothelin could be a promising target for cancer therapy, antibody-based drugs targeting mesothelin have either shown limited therapeutic effect or caused severe adverse events. The small size of these engineered antibody domains (eAds) could contribute to better penetration efficiency and broader applicability than previous antibody therapies, with the additional ability to target cryptic epitopes that are otherwise occluded by full-length antibodies and with enhanced access to some epitopes and expression.