RNA splicing is a fundamental process in eukaryotes in which messenger RNA is prepared to be translated into a protein. Cancer patients with similar mutations stand to benefit greatly from personalized immunotherapy focused on genetically engineering human T cells with TCRs targeted to this mutated RNA splicing factor. Pitt researchers isolated genes encoding two unique T cell receptors (TCRs) capable of recognizing peptide epitopes from a mutated RNA splicing factor commonly found in uveal melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and breast cancer.
RNA- and DNA-based assays for this gene fusion can be used to predict paclitaxel resistance in triple negative breast cancer and allow treatment providers to quickly pivot to alternative treatment options, sparing the patient from the unnecessary and unpleasant side effects of chemotherapy, in addition to serving as a target for novel therapeutics. Recent genomic sequencing studies have revealed a lack of TNBC-specific mutations. While the complexity of genomic rearrangements in this cancer has obscured the role that gene fusions play in the pathology of TNBC, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh identified 99 recurrent gene fusions, 57% of which are cryptic adjacent gene rearrangements (AGRs).
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are genetic regulatory molecules associated with cancer occurrence and progression, representing attractive therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Researchers paired the detection of these lncRNAs with genetic and clinical data from 1,023 breast tumor samples and 24 breast cancer cell lines.