RNA splicing is a fundamental process in eukaryotes in which messenger RNA is prepared to be translated into a protein. Cancer patients with similar mutations stand to benefit greatly from personalized immunotherapy focused on genetically engineering human T cells with TCRs targeted to this mutated RNA splicing factor. Pitt researchers isolated genes encoding two unique T cell receptors (TCRs) capable of recognizing peptide epitopes from a mutated RNA splicing factor commonly found in uveal melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and breast cancer.
This unique biological cue not only augments in vitro cell proliferation and migration under stress conditions but also translates into tangible in vivo improvements, setting a new benchmark for regenerative interventions in non-regenerative mammalian organs. The approach harnesses both normal and healing zebrafish cardiac ECM sources, which provide essential structural components like collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, while retaining natural regenerative signals. What differentiates this approach is its strategic departure from traditional mammalian ECM sources by leveraging the innate regenerative capabilities of zebrafish tissue.
RNA- and DNA-based assays for this gene fusion can be used to predict paclitaxel resistance in triple negative breast cancer and allow treatment providers to quickly pivot to alternative treatment options, sparing the patient from the unnecessary and unpleasant side effects of chemotherapy, in addition to serving as a target for novel therapeutics. While the complexity of genomic rearrangements in this cancer has obscured the role that gene fusions play in the pathology of TNBC, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh identified 99 recurrent gene fusions, 57% of which are cryptic adjacent gene rearrangements (AGRs).